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Review of self-referenced measurement algorithms: Bridging lateral shearing interferometry and multi-probe

Dede ZHAI, Shanyong CHEN, Ziqiang YIN, Shengyi LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 143-157 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0432-3

摘要：

With the development of new materials and ultra-precision processing technology, the sizes of measured objects increase, and the requirements for machining accuracy and surface quality become more exacting. The traditional measurement method based on reference datum is inadequate for measuring a high-precision object when the quality of the reference datum is approximately within the same order as that of the object. Self-referenced measurement techniques provide an effective means when the direct reference-based method cannot satisfy the required measurement or calibration accuracy. This paper discusses the reconstruction algorithms for self-referenced measurement and connects lateral shearing interferometry and multi-probe error separation. In lateral shearing interferometry, the reconstruction algorithms are generally categorized into modal or zonal methods. The multi-probe error separation techniques for straightness measurement are broadly divided into two-point and three-point methods. The common features of the lateral shearing interferometry method and the multi-probe error separation method are identified. We conclude that the reconstruction principle in lateral shearing interferometry is similar to the two-point method in error separation on the condition that no yaw error exists. This similarity may provide a basis or inspiration for the development of both classes of methods.

关键词： self-referenced measurement lateral shearing interferometry multi-probe error separation surface metrology

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无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量研究

窦文悦,胡平,魏平,郑南宁

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 167-177 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.016

摘要：

无人驾驶汽车是人工智能技术的应用热点之一，随之而来的车辆安全事故引发了全社会关注；无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量成为人工智能安全领域亟待研究的课题。本文通过案例访谈收集定性资料，采用探索性的质性研究方法和扎根理论，对安全风险的关键要素进行识别与提炼，率先提出无人驾驶安全风险六要素框架：单车安全、联网安全、技术水平、法律政策、社会舆论、产业风险；完成问卷量表设计，进行两次网络问卷调查以收集必要数据，据此对安全风险要素进行度量验证。研究认为，为了有效应对未来无人驾驶的安全风险，企业应加强关键零部件的研发和制造，增强信息安全的建设和投入，参与行业标准和法律法规的制定，不做虚假宣传并积极维护新兴行业发展；政府应合理加强测试监管，加速颁布法规与制定标准，引导人才培养并防止人才流失；消费者应保持良好的驾驶与行车习惯，不盲从、不轻信夸张宣传。

关键词：无人驾驶安全风险风险识别风险度量

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density measurement for plastic injection molding via ultrasonic technology

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0714-2

摘要： Density variation during the injection molding process directly reflects the state of plastic melt and contains valuable information for process monitoring and optimization. Therefore, in-situ density measurement is of great interest and has significant application value. The existing methods, such as pressure−volume−temperature (PVT) method, have the shortages of time-delay and high cost of sensors. This study is the first to propose an in-situ density measurement method using ultrasonic technology. The analyses of the time-domain and frequency-domain signals are combined in the proposed method. The ultrasonic velocity is obtained from the time-domain signals, and the acoustic impedance is computed through a full-spectral analysis of the frequency-domain signals. Experiments with different process conditions are conducted, including different melt temperature, injection speed, material, and mold structure. Results show that the proposed method has good agreement with the PVT method. The proposed method has the advantages of in-situ measurement, non-destructive, high accuracy, low cost, and is of great application value for the injection molding industry.

关键词： ultrasonic measurement melt density in-situ measurement injection molding

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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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A measurement system for thin elastohydrodynamic lubrication films

WANG Xuefeng, GUO Feng, YANG Peiran

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 193-196 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0032-8

摘要： An elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) film measurement system using multi-beam interferometry is introduced in this paper. The measurement principle and the instrumentation are discussed. A simple and efficient method is suggested to obtain the fringe order of measured points. It is demonstrated that the presented measurement system can provide continuous measurement of lubricating films from nano to micro scales at a nano-level resolution, and can be used to investigate ultra-thin EHL films and tiny variations in EHL films.

关键词： instrumentation continuous measurement elastohydrodynamic lubrication ultra-thin measurement

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Emerging trends in self-healable nanomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators: A comprehensive review

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 727-750 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0896-2

摘要： A thorough analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that make use of self-healable nanomaterials is presented in this review. These TENGs have shown promise as independent energy sources that do not require an external power source to function. TENGs are developing into a viable choice for powering numerous applications as low-power electronics technology advances. Despite having less power than conventional energy sources, TENGs do not directly compete with these. TENGs, on the other hand, provide unique opportunities for future self-powered systems and might encourage advancements in energy and sensor technologies. Examining the many approaches used to improve nanogenerators by employing materials with shape memory and self-healable characteristics is the main goal of this review. The findings of this comprehensive review provide valuable information on the advancements and possibilities of TENGs, which opens the way for further research and advancement in this field. The discussion of life cycle evaluations of TENGs provides details on how well they perform in terms of the environment and identifies potential improvement areas. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness, social acceptability, and regulatory implications of self-healing TENGs are examined, as well as their economic and societal ramifications.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) self-healable nanomaterials self-powered devices energy

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Modular structure of a self-reconfigurable robot

FEI Yanqiong, DONG Qinglei, ZHAO Xifang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 116-119 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0020-z

摘要： This paper proposes a novel, hermaphroditic, and lattice self-reconfigurable modular robot. Each module is composed of a center body a cubic part and six sides that can rotate independently. There are two holes and two extensible pegs on each side. The rotary motion of each side and the extensible motion of the pegs are generated by a motor connected to a reducer, using a cone-shaped gear, belt, clutch, etc. The structure of the module is compact, and has space to extend further.

关键词： compact self-reconfigurable modular hermaphroditic cone-shaped clutch

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Signal separation technology for diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator

Xinhua WANG, Shuwen SUN, Jian ZHEN, Qianyi YA, Deguo WANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 176-183 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0001-5

摘要： The structure and principle of a new type of a diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator is introduced. A bridge analysis model based on variable inductance is established. Dynamic balance separation technology for the giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator comes true by the least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm. The scheme design of one important part of the circuit with the real-time separation circuit of the dynamic balance signal based on a digital signal processor is obtained. The part of the signal separated circuit is designed, which includes logarithmic-antilog practical multiplication circuit, amplifying circuit, filter circuits, and amplifier circuit. Based on the embedded system simulation software—PROTUES, the simulation effect of the circuit that separates the sensing signal from the mixed signals is obvious, which indicates that the circuit can rapidly and stably work. Moreover, the structure is simple, reliable, and meets the practical requirement.

关键词： giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) self-sensing actuator least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm design of self-adaptive circuit

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Experimental measurement of double-K fracture parameters of concrete with small-size aggregates

ZHANG Xiufang, XU Shilang, ZHENG Shuang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 448-457 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0061-8

摘要： The double- fracture model can well describe the development of cracks undergoing during the entire fracture process in concrete. Therefore, it has been selected as the theoretical basis of the Norm for fracture test of

关键词： development concrete theoretical double- fracture

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Study on direct measurement method of vorticity from particle images

RUAN Xiaodong, FU Xin, YANG Huayong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 408-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0059-1

摘要： To overcome the shortcomings of conventional methods for vorticity measurement, a new direct measurement of vorticity (DMV) method extracting vorticity from particle images was proposed. Based on the theory of fluid flow, two matc

关键词： conventional vorticity measurement particle DMV theory

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Micro-spectrophotometer based on micro electro-mechanical systems technology

ZHOU Lianqun, LI Zhenggang, WU Yihui, ZHANG Ping, XUAN Ming, JIA Hongguang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 37-43 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0001-x

摘要： A new mini-spectrophotometer is developed by adopting micro-silicon-slit and micro-silicon-fixer, which are based on micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Both the micro-silicon-slit and the micro-silicon-fixer have their own features, such as small volume and high precision, which are laid out and analyzed later. Meantime, through the analysis of the sample cell’s optical characteristics that have some impacts on the linearity of the spectrophotometer, a relationship equation, which is about the impact of the refractive index of the sample cell and the tested medium on the variety of the transmitted light intensity and the absorbency, is put forward. When the water and the air are taken as the referenced medium, the experiments demonstrate that the difference of the refractive index of the references does not influence the correlation coefficient and the slope of the absorbency-concentration curve. The final results show that the new mini-spectrophotometer with micro-silicon-slit and micro-silicon-fixer is worked out, its correlation coefficient > 0.999, and its refractive index resolving power is better than 0.01.

关键词： mini-spectrophotometer referenced micro-silicon-fixer electro-mechanical correlation coefficient

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Behaviour of self-centring shear walls——A state of the art review

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 53-77 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0850-0

摘要： The application of unbonded post-tensioning (PT) in structural walls has led to the development of advanced self-centring (rocking) shear wall systems that has significant advantages, including accelerated construction due to the incorporation of prefabricated elements and segmental construction for different materials (e.g., concrete, masonry, and timber), reduced residual drifts, and little damage upon extreme seismic and wind loads. Concrete, masonry, and timber are often used for the construction of unbonded PT structural wall systems. Despite extensive research since the 1980s, there are no well-established design guidelines available on the shear wall configuration with the required energy dissipation system, joint’s locations and acceptance criteria for shear sliding, confinement, seismic performance factors, PT loss, PT force range and residual drifts of shear walls subjected to lateral loads. In this research a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review was performed on self-centring shear wall system. An extensive study was carried out to collect a database of 100 concrete, masonry, and self-centring shear wall tests from the literature. The established database was then used to review shear walls’ configurations, material, and components to benchmark requirements applicable for design purposes. The behaviour of concrete, masonry and timber shear walls were compared and critically analysed. The general behaviour, force-displacement performance of the walls, ductility, and seismic response factors, were critically reviewed and analysed for different self-centring wall systems to understand the effect of different parameters including configurations of the walls, material used for construction of the wall (concrete, masonry, timber) and axial stress ratio. The outcome of this research can be used to better understand the behaviour of self-centring wall system in order to develop design guidelines for such walls.

关键词： self-centring shear walls rocking walls energy dissipation seismic performance factors PT loss residual drift

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Recycled glass replacement as fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete

Yasser SHARIFI, Mahmoud HOUSHIAR, Behnam AGHEBATI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 419-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0224-8

摘要： With increasing environmental pressure to reduce solid waste and to recycle as much as possible, the concrete industry has adopted a number of methods to achieve this goal by replacement of waste glass with concrete composition materials. Due to differences in mixture design, placement and consolidation techniques, the strength and durability of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) may be different than those of conventional concrete. Therefore, replacement of waste glass with fine aggregate in SCC should deeply be investigated compared to conventional concretes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of glass replacement with fine aggregate on the SCC properties. In present study, fine aggregate has been replaced with waste glass in six different weight ratios ranging from 0% to 50%. Fresh results indicate that the flow-ability characteristics have been increased as the waste glass incorporated to paste volume. Nevertheless, compressive, flexural and splitting strengths of concrete containing waste glass have been shown to decrease when the content of waste glass is increased. The strength reduction of concrete in different glass replacement ratios is not remarkable, thus it can be produced SCC with waste glass as fine aggregate in a standard manner.

关键词： Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) recycle glass fine aggregate fresh and hardened properties

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Effect of calcium lactate on compressive strength and self-healing of cracks in microbial concrete

Kunamineni VIJAY, Meena MURMU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 515-525 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0494-2

摘要： This paper presents the effect on compressive strength and self-healing capability of bacterial concrete with the addition of calcium lactate. Compared to normal concrete, bacterial concrete possesses higher durability and engineering concrete properties. The production of calcium carbonate in bacterial concrete is limited to the calcium content in cement. Hence calcium lactate is externally added to be an additional source of calcium in the concrete. The influence of this addition on compressive strength, self-healing capability of cracks is highlighted in this study. The bacterium used in the study is and was added to both spore powder form and culture form to the concrete. spore powder of 2 million cfu/g concentration with 0.5% cement was mixed to concrete. Calcium lactates with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% of cement, was added to the concrete mixes to test the effect on properties of concrete. In other samples, cultured with a concentration of 1×10 cells/mL was mixed with concrete, to study the effect of bacteria in the cultured form on the properties of concrete. Cubes of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm were used for the study. These cubes were tested after a curing period of 7, 14 and 28 d. A maximum of 12% increase in compressive strength was observed with the addition of 0.5% of calcium lactate in concrete. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy examination showed the formation of ettringite in pores; calcium silicate hydrates and calcite which made the concrete denser. A statistical technique was applied to analyze the experimental data of the compressive strengths of cementations materials. Response surface methodology was adopted for optimizing the experimental data. The regression equation was yielded by the application of response surface methodology relating response variables to input parameters. This method aids in predicting the experimental results accurately with an acceptable range of error. Findings of this investigation indicated the influence of added calcium lactate in bio-concrete which is quite impressive for improving the compressive strength and self-healing properties of concrete.

关键词： calcium lactate bacillus subtilis compressive strength self-healing of cracks